ARETAS IV & SHAQUILAT Arab Kingdom of Nabataea PETRA Ancient Greek Coin i47387
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ARETAS IV & SHAQUILAT Arab Kingdom of Nabataea PETRA Ancient Greek Coin i47387:
$56.25
Item: i47387
Authentic Ancient Coin of:
Arab Kingdom ofNabataea
Aretas IV - King: 9 B.C. - 40 A.D.
King Aretas IV with Queen Shaqilath
Bronze 18mm (3.03 grams) Petra mint, circa 11-40 A.D.
Reference: Sear GIC 5699; B.M.C. 28.8,15; Meshorer, Nabataea 114
Conjoined bustsr right of Aretas, laureate, and Queen Shaqilath, draped; Aramaic letters in field.
Two cornucopiae, crossed; between them, Aramaic legend = \'Aretas, Shaqilath\' in three lines.
The north-Arabian kingdom of the Nabataeans, with their capital at Petra, continued in existence until the early years of the 2nd Century A.D., when emperor Trajan created the Roman province of Arabia.
Originally named Aeneas, he seized the throne on the death of Obodas III and thereafter styled himself Aretas Philopatris. His daughter married Herod Antipas, whose territory he later invaded without Roman permission, 37 A.D. However, he managed to obtain the favor of Caligula who granted him control of Damascus.
You are offerding on the exact item pictured, provided with a Certificate of Authenticity and Lifetime Guarantee of Authenticity.
The cornucopia (from Latin cornu copiae) or horn of plenty is a symbol of abundance and nourishment, commonly a large horn-shaped container overflowing with produce, flowers, nuts, other edibles, or wealth in some form. Originating in classical antiquity , it has continued as a symbol in Western art , and it is particularly associated with the Thanksgiving holiday in North America .
In MythologyMythology offers multipleexplanations of the origin of the cornucopia. One of the best-known involves the birth and nurturance of the infantZeus, who had to be hidden from his devouring fatherCronus. In a cave onMount Ida on the island ofCrete, baby Zeus was cared for and protected by a number of divine attendants, including the goatAmalthea (\"Nourishing Goddess\"), who fed him with her milk. The suckling future king of the gods had unusual abilities and strength, and in playing with his nursemaid accidentally broke off one of herhorns, which then had the divine power to provide unending nourishment, as the foster mother had to the god.
In another myth, the cornucopia was created whenHeracles (RomanHercules) wrestled with the river godAchelous and wrenched off one of his horns; river gods were sometimes depicted as horned. This version is represented in theAchelous and Herculesmural painting by theAmerican Regionalist artistThomas Hart Benton.
The cornucopia became the attribute of severalGreek andRoman deities, particularly those associated with the harvest, prosperity, or spiritual abundance, such as personifications of Earth (Gaia orTerra); the childPlutus, god of riches and son of the grain goddess Demeter; thenymphMaia; andFortuna, the goddess of luck, who had the power to grant prosperity. InRoman Imperial cult, abstract Roman deities who fostered peace (pax Romana) and prosperity were also depicted with a cornucopia, including Abundantia, \"Abundance\" personified, andAnnona, goddess of thegrain supply to the city of Rome.Pluto, the classical ruler of the underworld in themystery religions, was a giver of agricultural, mineral and spiritual wealth, and in art often holds a cornucopia to distinguish him from the gloomier Hades, who holds adrinking horn instead.
Modern depictionsIn modern depictions, the cornucopia is typically a hollow, horn-shaped wicker basket filled with various kinds of festivefruit andvegetables. In North America, the cornucopia has come to be associated withThanksgiving and the harvest. Cornucopia is also the name of the annual November Wine and Food celebration inWhistler, British Columbia, Canada. Two cornucopias are seen in theFlag andstate seal ofIdaho. The GreatSeal ofNorth Carolina depicts Liberty standing and Plenty holding a cornucopia. The coat of arms ofColombia,Panama,Peru andVenezuela, and the Coat of Arms of the State ofVictoria, Australia, also feature the cornucopia, symbolising prosperity.
The horn of plenty is used on body art and at Halloween, as it is a symbol of fertility, fortune and abundance.
- Base of a statue of
Louis XV of France
Shaqilath is the daughter of Aretas IV of the Nabataeans . She ruled jointly with her husband-brother Malichus II (40-70). After his death she was regent for her son Rabel II . Copper and silver coins where she is depicted with her husband and coins of her with her son have been recovered. Some of these coins are dated with regnal years to the left of the queen.
Aretas IV Philopatris was theKing of the Nabataeans from roughly 9 BC to AD 40.
His full title, as given in the inscriptions, was \"Aretas, King of the Nabataeans, Friend of his People.\" Being the most powerful neighbour ofJudea, he frequently took part in the state affairs of that country, and was influential in shaping the destiny of its rulers. While on not particularly good terms withRome - as intimated by his surname, \"Friend of his People\", which is in direct opposition to the prevalent φιλορώμαις (\"Friend of the Romans\") and φιλόκαισαρ (\"Friend of the Emperor\") - and though it was only after great hesitation thatAugustus recognized him as king, nevertheless he took part in the expedition ofVarus against the Jews in the year 4 BC, and placed a considerable army at the disposal of the Roman general.
His daughterPhasaelis marriedHerod Antipas (4 BC – AD 39), otherwise known as Herod the Tetrarch. When Herod divorced Phasaelis to take his brother\'s wifeHerodias, mother of Salome, in 36, Phasaelis fled to her father. Relations between Herod and Aretas IV were already strained over border disputes, and with his family honour shamed, Aretas IV invaded Herod\'s holdings, defeating his army and capturing territories along theWest Bank of the Jordan River, including the areas aroundQumran.
The classical authorJosephus connects this battle, which occurred during the winter of AD 36/37, with the beheading ofJohn the Baptist, which occurred about the same time.
Herod Antipas then appealed to EmperorTiberius, who dispatched the governor of Syria to attack Aretas. But because of the emperor\'s death in AD 37 this action was never carried out.
The Christian Apostle,Paul, mentions that he had to sneak out of Damascus in a basket through a window in the wall to escape King Aretas. (2 Corinthians 11:32, 33, cfActs 9:23, 24).
Petra (Arabic: البتراء, Al-Batrāʾ;Ancient Greek: Πέτρα) is ahistorical andarchaeological city in the southernJordanian governorate ofMa\'an that is famous for itsrock-cut architecture and water conduit system. Another name for Petra is the Rose City due to the color of the stone out of which it is carved.
Established possibly as early as 312 BC as the capital city of theNabataeans, it is a symbol of Jordan, as well as Jordan\'s most-visited tourist attraction. It lies on the slope ofJebel al-Madhbah (identified by some as the biblical Mount Hor[4]) in abasin among the mountains which form the Eastern flank of Arabah (Wadi Araba), the large valley running from the Dead Sea to theGulf of Aqaba. Petra has been aUNESCOWorld Heritage Site since 1985.
The site remained unknown to theWestern world until 1812, when it was introduced bySwiss explorerJohann Ludwig Burckhardt. It was described as \"a rose-red city half as old as time\" in aNewdigate Prize-winning poem byJohn William Burgon. UNESCO has described it as \"one of the most precious cultural properties of man\'s cultural heritage\". See:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists. Petra was chosen by the Smithsonian Magazine as one of the \"28 Places to See Before You Die\".
The Nabataean kingdom, also named Nabatea(Arabic:نبطية) (many times spelled Nabatean), was an Arabic political state of theNabataeans which existed duringclassical antiquity and was annexed by theRoman Empire in CE 106.
GeographyLocated between theSinai Peninsula and theArabian Peninsula, its northern neighbour was the kingdom of Judea, and its south western neighbour wasPtolemaic Egypt. Its capital was the city ofPetra inJordan, and it included the towns ofBostra,Mada\'in Saleh, andNitzana.
Petra was a wealthy trading town, located at a convergence of several important trade routes. One of them was theIncense Route which was based around the production of both myrrh andfrankincense in southern Arabia, and ran through Mada\'in Saleh to Petra. From here the aromatics were distributed throughout the Mediterranean region.
HistoryNabataean origins date from a time when they were nomadic pastoralists in theNegev and theSinai Peninsula duringAchaemenid Persian rule, around the 4th century BCE.
Nabateans and HasmoneansThe Nabataeans were allies of the firstHasmoneans in their struggles against theSeleucid monarchs. They then became rivals of the Judaean dynasty, and a chief element in the disorders which invitedPompey\'s intervention inJudea. Many Nabataeans were forcefully converted to Judaism by theHasmonean kingAlexander Jannaeus. It was this King who, after putting down a local rebellion, invaded and occupied the Nabataean towns ofMoab and Gilead and imposed a tribute of an unspecified amount. Obodas I knew that Alexander would attack, so was able to ambush Alexander\'s forces near Gaulane (Golan) destroying the Judean army in 90 BCE. Under the reign ofAretas III (87 to 62 BCE) the kingdom seems to have reached its territorial zenith, but was defeated by a Roman army under the command ofMarcus Aemilius Scaurus. Scaurus\' army even besieged Petra, but eventually a compromise was negotiated. Paying a tribute, Aretas III received the formal recognition by theRoman Republic.
The Nabatean kingdom saw itself slowly surrounded by the expandingRoman Empire, which conquered Egypt and annexed Hasmonean Judea. While the Nabatean kingdom managed to preserve its formal independence, it became a client kingdom under the influence of Rome.
Roman annexation A map of the Roman Empire , at its greatest extent, showing the territory of Trajan\'s Nabatæan conquests in the southeast. Main article: Arabia PetraeaIn 106 CE, during the reign of Roman emperorTrajan, the last king of the Nabatean kingdomRabbel II Soter died. This event might have prompted the official annexation of Nabatea to the Roman Empire, although the formal reasons, and the exact manner of annexation, are unknown.
Some epigraphic evidence suggests a military campaign, commanded byCornelius Palma, the governor ofSyria. Roman forces seem to have come from Syria and also fromEgypt. It is clear that by 107 CE Roman legions were stationed in the area around Petra and Bostra, as is shown by a papyrus found in Egypt. The kingdom was annexed by the empire, becoming the province ofArabia Petraea. Trade seems to have largely continued thanks to the Nabataens\' undiminished talent for trading.
Under Hadrian, the limes Arabicus ignored most of the Nabatæan territory and ran northeast from Aila (modernAqaba) at the head of theGulf of Aqaba. A century later, during the reign ofAlexander Severus, the local issue of coinage came to an end. There is no more building of sumptuous tombs, owing apparently to a sudden change in political ways, such as an invasion by the neo-Persian power under theSassanid Empire.
The city of Palmyra, for a time the capital of the breakawayPalmyrene Empire (fl. 130–270), grew in importance and attracted the Arabian trade away from Petra.
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ARETAS IV & SHAQUILAT Arab Kingdom of Nabataea PETRA Ancient Greek Coin i47387:
$56.25